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Man-made Landmarks and Destinations
Colosseum (Amphitheater Flavium)
An imposing and beautiful sight, the Colosseum is an immense elliptical building founded by, His Imperial Majesty, Emperor Vespasian. Also known as the Flavian Amphitheater, the Colosseum began in construction in 72 CE. under the orders Emperor Vespasian, the founder of the Flavian Dynasty. A year after Vespasian's death in 80 CE. was the completion point of the colossal amphitheater. The huge amphitheater is grounded on the site of an artificial lake, which is also part of, His Imperial Majesty, Nero's expansive park located at the heart of Rome. Other buildings and monuments included in the Colosseum's structure include the Golden House (Domus Aurea) and the nearby Colossus, a giant statue of Nero, which ultimately established the building's name.
In all of its magnificence, the elliptical building measures 188m in length by 156m in breadth and reaches a height of more than 48 meters. The overwhelming structure is covered in marble from lands afar and a total of 160 captivating statues which grace the arches of the upper floors. The Colosseum can accommodate around 55,000 spectators who can enter the building through no less than 80 entrances. There are four stories above the ground which comprise the Colosseum with each story allocated to certain social classes. For example, the upper story contains seating for the lower classes and women but a bargain can always be made with an official for better arrangements if desired. For more information on seating restrictions, visit entertainment for the Colosseum.
If sun is an irritating hassle for you, not to worry, the Colosseum is covered with an enormous awning known as the velarium. This can protect every spectator from the sun and rain if they were to interrupt a game. Because of their grace and power,
Emperors entertain the public and those who have journeyed from near and afar with free games in the Colosseum. Such games are a strong symbol of the prestige and power of the Roman Empire. Games are at times running for an entire day or on special occasions, several days in a row. They usually begin with comical acts and exhibitions of exotic animals. The actual games, however, are where the actual excitement begins as they involve fights to the death between animals and gladiators and between gladiators. The fighters are mainly prisoners of war, slaves or condemned criminals who come from throughout the empire and are a sure-bunch of entertainment!
In all of its magnificence, the elliptical building measures 188m in length by 156m in breadth and reaches a height of more than 48 meters. The overwhelming structure is covered in marble from lands afar and a total of 160 captivating statues which grace the arches of the upper floors. The Colosseum can accommodate around 55,000 spectators who can enter the building through no less than 80 entrances. There are four stories above the ground which comprise the Colosseum with each story allocated to certain social classes. For example, the upper story contains seating for the lower classes and women but a bargain can always be made with an official for better arrangements if desired. For more information on seating restrictions, visit entertainment for the Colosseum.
If sun is an irritating hassle for you, not to worry, the Colosseum is covered with an enormous awning known as the velarium. This can protect every spectator from the sun and rain if they were to interrupt a game. Because of their grace and power,
Emperors entertain the public and those who have journeyed from near and afar with free games in the Colosseum. Such games are a strong symbol of the prestige and power of the Roman Empire. Games are at times running for an entire day or on special occasions, several days in a row. They usually begin with comical acts and exhibitions of exotic animals. The actual games, however, are where the actual excitement begins as they involve fights to the death between animals and gladiators and between gladiators. The fighters are mainly prisoners of war, slaves or condemned criminals who come from throughout the empire and are a sure-bunch of entertainment!
Circus Maximus
Standing as the largest stadium in Rome, the Circus Maximus is the most popular chariot race arena in all of Rome, and you guessed it, the world! Chariot races have been both traditionally and entertainingly held here for almost a millennium, or back to 600 BCE. The colossal Circus can accommodate 250,000 people, or one quarter of today's Roman population!
Chariot races serve to be one of Rome's most popular forms of entertainment to serve the eager masses. The origins of the Circus Maximus go as far back as 600 BCE when the fifth king of Rome, Tarquinius Priscus, created a track between the Palatine Hill and Aventine hill. The first permanent starting gates were created in 329 BCE and rebuilt in 33 BCE to install seven beautiful bronze dolphins on top of the central wall in the arena. The dolphins are used to count the number of laps as one dolphin is removed after each lap.
A fire in 31 BCE, the first of three, destroyed the wooden structure. It was rebuilt by Emperor Augustus who also added an imperial box on the Palatine Hill. After three fires spanning 200 years, the Circus was rebuilt by Trajan in 103 CE. Ultimately, the Roman Empire is at the height of its power and the new Circus Maximus reflects this immense status. Today, the Circus stands as a stone construction, three stories high with the lower part of the cavea (seating area) fabricated from marble. Furthermore, the arena complex expands at more than 600m long and 150m wide.
The Circus Maximus is occasionally utilised to host events such as processions or gladiator combats, but it mainly provides a course for chariot races with quadrigaes (chariots), pulled by four horses. Such races are widely popular and prevalent with the wider public with people fanatically supporting one of the four factions: red, white, blue and green symbolising summer, spring, winter and autumn. The action is unmissable and the cheer of the crowd echoes for miles! You can bet on your chosen faction and make some hard, cold money in return! For times and bookings, click the link below.
Chariot races serve to be one of Rome's most popular forms of entertainment to serve the eager masses. The origins of the Circus Maximus go as far back as 600 BCE when the fifth king of Rome, Tarquinius Priscus, created a track between the Palatine Hill and Aventine hill. The first permanent starting gates were created in 329 BCE and rebuilt in 33 BCE to install seven beautiful bronze dolphins on top of the central wall in the arena. The dolphins are used to count the number of laps as one dolphin is removed after each lap.
A fire in 31 BCE, the first of three, destroyed the wooden structure. It was rebuilt by Emperor Augustus who also added an imperial box on the Palatine Hill. After three fires spanning 200 years, the Circus was rebuilt by Trajan in 103 CE. Ultimately, the Roman Empire is at the height of its power and the new Circus Maximus reflects this immense status. Today, the Circus stands as a stone construction, three stories high with the lower part of the cavea (seating area) fabricated from marble. Furthermore, the arena complex expands at more than 600m long and 150m wide.
The Circus Maximus is occasionally utilised to host events such as processions or gladiator combats, but it mainly provides a course for chariot races with quadrigaes (chariots), pulled by four horses. Such races are widely popular and prevalent with the wider public with people fanatically supporting one of the four factions: red, white, blue and green symbolising summer, spring, winter and autumn. The action is unmissable and the cheer of the crowd echoes for miles! You can bet on your chosen faction and make some hard, cold money in return! For times and bookings, click the link below.
Forum Romanum
Of all the monumental sites in Rome, nothing represents the center of life and the heart of Rome like the Forum Romanum. With its triumphal arches, temples and basilicas, the Forum Romanum is a rectangular forum or plaza which is commonly referred to as a marketplace or Forum by local Romans. Located in the small valley between the Palatine and Capitoline Hills, it is surrounded by highly important governmental buildings and for centuries has been integral to the public Roman life.
The entire region, with its stone beauty, is bustling with activity on a daily basis and plays a strong political role in Rome's maintenance. Here, you can witness triumphal processions taking place and elections being held when the Senate assembles. It is the place to be due to it being the venue for public speeches, criminal trials, gladiatorial matches and commercial affairs (If you're looking to get rich!). Wherever you walk, the awe-inspiring aura of the Forum never leaves you as the glory of Rome's greatest men is commemorated here with spectacular marble and stone statues and monuments. It is without a doubt the heart of Rome and alive with Roman spirit! Further to this, it has been called the most celebrated meeting place in the world, and in all of history so far. There are several amazing sites you can visit and see in the Forum Romanum including:
Triumphal Arches
Three triumphal arches have been built on the Forum with Emperors using them to commemorate their glorious victories.
The first one, the Arch of Augustus, was constructed by Augustus in 29 BCE. The Arch of Titus, located at the Via Sacra on the eastern side of the Forum, was built in 81 CE. and celebrates Rome's victory in the Jewish War. At the opposite end of the forum, near the Capitoline Hill, stands the Arch of Septimius Severus with all its might as it commemorates the Roman victory over the Parthians. This Arch was built recently in 203 CE and stands just as strongly today.
Curia Julia
The Curia is the location where the senate assembles and hence where you can witness the political action take place. The fascinating rectangular brick building can seat up to two hundred senators. The original Curia was actually built by the third king of Rome at a different location, burning down four times and being rebuilt each time. After the last fire in 53 BCE, the one and only, almighty Julius Caesar himself decided to moved the Curia to the Forum Romanum. The current building which all spectators can marvel at was constructed just over 20 years ago in 283 CE by His Imperial Majesty, Diocletian.
Rostra
The Rostra is a speaker's platform or stand which was originally built in the fourth century BCE at a location near the Forum. The name Rostra means 'battering rams' and the platform is decorated with many of such battering rams captured in battle.
Julius Caesar had the Rostra built at its present location as part of the various alterations made to the Forum, although this time, in pristine white marble. The podium measures 24 by 24 metres and it towers high above the crowds with all of its legendary might. In fact, it is so renowned throughout the empire that one of the most famous speeches took place here. This speech was articulated in 44 BCE by Marcus Antonius when he addressed the crowd during Julius Caesar's funeral with these unforgettable words, "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears...".
Temple of Saturn
The Temple of Saturn was built during the late period of the Etruscan kingdom and was inaugurated at the beginning of the republic in 497 BCE. The temple is highly significant as it is still used to this day as the state treasury or the aerarium. In addition, it houses the banners of the mighty legions and the senatorial decrees important for governmental decisions. The most noteworthy aspect of this splendid Temple, however, is the tall column or the Miliarium Aureum which is positioned at the front of the structure. It is so pivotal to the empire as all distances to Rome are measured from this column! This is one unmissable spectacle!
Temple of Vespasian and Titus
The construction of the Temple of Vespasian and Titus began in the first century CE or about 200 years ago by Titus in honor of his highly regarded father, Vespasian. Emperor Domitian, Titus's brother and successor, completed the structure and dedicated it to both Titus and Vespasian. The temple has a hexagonal shape with a sizable cella or sanctuary with statues of the two emperors. This is definitely a must see for those looking for a peaceful and quiet moment amidst the bustle of Rome.
Temple of Castor and Pollux
The Temple of Castor and Pollux commenced in construction in 484 BCE, and was refurbished in 6 CE. There is a very interesting story behind the reason for the Temple itself. It was built by the Roman dictator Postumius who promised that he would build the temple if his army would defeat the Tarquin Kings who had previously ruled Rome. According to the a very famous legend around Rome, Castor and Pollux, twin brothers, helped the Roman army to beat the Tarquin Kings and brought victory to Rome, announcing it to the forum.
Basilica Julia
His grace, Julius Caesar, started construction of the Basilica Julia in 54 BCE as the government required a building for the seat of the centumviri, which is a court of civil jurisdiction dealing with inheritance disputes. The colossal building measures 101 metres long and 49 metres wide and is sure to amaze you by not only its size, but by its grandeur. You'll end up feeling like a royal!
Basilica Aemilia
The Basilica Aemilia is the oldest basilica at the forum as it was originally built in 179 BCE by the consuls of Rome, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, hence the name Aemilia, and Marcus Fulvius Nobilor. The main purpose of the basilica is to provide a place of shelter for many of the businesses and administration that are normally set up outside. Consequently, these busy shops can be operated inside the basilica in instances of bad weather. The basilica is comprised of an immense marble hall with four aisles that each housed a number of stores, public banks and money exchanges. In the case of you needing money on a rainy day at the heart of Rome, this is the place to come!
Temple of Vesta
The circular temple of Vesta was constructed in the fourth century BCE. This small temple is one of Rome's most significant temples as it was dedicated to the protectress of both the family and State, Vesta. An event to see when coming to the Forum is definitely when the Vestal Virgins are guarding the sacred eternal flame, symbol of the eternal life of Rome, in the Temple of Vesta.
House of the Vestal Virgins
Adjacent to the Temple of Vesta is the House of the Vestal Virgins. Although very secretive and mysterious, the house accommodates the Vestal Virgins who, as soon as they are chosen at the age of six, would move here for a safer quality of life. This humongous house is comprised of three floors with fifty rooms for the six girls presiding and for their servants! Come visit this majestic house to see the galleries which surround the courtyard as you might catch a glimpse of a Vestal Virgin!
Temple of Venus and Rome
The largest religious structure in Rome is the Temple of Venus and Rome which was built at the end of the Forum Romanum, close to the Colosseum. The temple was designed by His Imperial Majesty, Emperor Hadrian, in 135 CE and measures an impressive 100 meters by 145 meters. The temple is dedicated to Roma, which is the epitome of this wondrous city and Venus, grandmother of the founders of Rome, the great Remus and Romulus. The building contains two sanctuaries with statues of the goddesses, each located at one side of the temple opposite each other and each guarding the greatness of Rome.
The entire region, with its stone beauty, is bustling with activity on a daily basis and plays a strong political role in Rome's maintenance. Here, you can witness triumphal processions taking place and elections being held when the Senate assembles. It is the place to be due to it being the venue for public speeches, criminal trials, gladiatorial matches and commercial affairs (If you're looking to get rich!). Wherever you walk, the awe-inspiring aura of the Forum never leaves you as the glory of Rome's greatest men is commemorated here with spectacular marble and stone statues and monuments. It is without a doubt the heart of Rome and alive with Roman spirit! Further to this, it has been called the most celebrated meeting place in the world, and in all of history so far. There are several amazing sites you can visit and see in the Forum Romanum including:
Triumphal Arches
Three triumphal arches have been built on the Forum with Emperors using them to commemorate their glorious victories.
The first one, the Arch of Augustus, was constructed by Augustus in 29 BCE. The Arch of Titus, located at the Via Sacra on the eastern side of the Forum, was built in 81 CE. and celebrates Rome's victory in the Jewish War. At the opposite end of the forum, near the Capitoline Hill, stands the Arch of Septimius Severus with all its might as it commemorates the Roman victory over the Parthians. This Arch was built recently in 203 CE and stands just as strongly today.
Curia Julia
The Curia is the location where the senate assembles and hence where you can witness the political action take place. The fascinating rectangular brick building can seat up to two hundred senators. The original Curia was actually built by the third king of Rome at a different location, burning down four times and being rebuilt each time. After the last fire in 53 BCE, the one and only, almighty Julius Caesar himself decided to moved the Curia to the Forum Romanum. The current building which all spectators can marvel at was constructed just over 20 years ago in 283 CE by His Imperial Majesty, Diocletian.
Rostra
The Rostra is a speaker's platform or stand which was originally built in the fourth century BCE at a location near the Forum. The name Rostra means 'battering rams' and the platform is decorated with many of such battering rams captured in battle.
Julius Caesar had the Rostra built at its present location as part of the various alterations made to the Forum, although this time, in pristine white marble. The podium measures 24 by 24 metres and it towers high above the crowds with all of its legendary might. In fact, it is so renowned throughout the empire that one of the most famous speeches took place here. This speech was articulated in 44 BCE by Marcus Antonius when he addressed the crowd during Julius Caesar's funeral with these unforgettable words, "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears...".
Temple of Saturn
The Temple of Saturn was built during the late period of the Etruscan kingdom and was inaugurated at the beginning of the republic in 497 BCE. The temple is highly significant as it is still used to this day as the state treasury or the aerarium. In addition, it houses the banners of the mighty legions and the senatorial decrees important for governmental decisions. The most noteworthy aspect of this splendid Temple, however, is the tall column or the Miliarium Aureum which is positioned at the front of the structure. It is so pivotal to the empire as all distances to Rome are measured from this column! This is one unmissable spectacle!
Temple of Vespasian and Titus
The construction of the Temple of Vespasian and Titus began in the first century CE or about 200 years ago by Titus in honor of his highly regarded father, Vespasian. Emperor Domitian, Titus's brother and successor, completed the structure and dedicated it to both Titus and Vespasian. The temple has a hexagonal shape with a sizable cella or sanctuary with statues of the two emperors. This is definitely a must see for those looking for a peaceful and quiet moment amidst the bustle of Rome.
Temple of Castor and Pollux
The Temple of Castor and Pollux commenced in construction in 484 BCE, and was refurbished in 6 CE. There is a very interesting story behind the reason for the Temple itself. It was built by the Roman dictator Postumius who promised that he would build the temple if his army would defeat the Tarquin Kings who had previously ruled Rome. According to the a very famous legend around Rome, Castor and Pollux, twin brothers, helped the Roman army to beat the Tarquin Kings and brought victory to Rome, announcing it to the forum.
Basilica Julia
His grace, Julius Caesar, started construction of the Basilica Julia in 54 BCE as the government required a building for the seat of the centumviri, which is a court of civil jurisdiction dealing with inheritance disputes. The colossal building measures 101 metres long and 49 metres wide and is sure to amaze you by not only its size, but by its grandeur. You'll end up feeling like a royal!
Basilica Aemilia
The Basilica Aemilia is the oldest basilica at the forum as it was originally built in 179 BCE by the consuls of Rome, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, hence the name Aemilia, and Marcus Fulvius Nobilor. The main purpose of the basilica is to provide a place of shelter for many of the businesses and administration that are normally set up outside. Consequently, these busy shops can be operated inside the basilica in instances of bad weather. The basilica is comprised of an immense marble hall with four aisles that each housed a number of stores, public banks and money exchanges. In the case of you needing money on a rainy day at the heart of Rome, this is the place to come!
Temple of Vesta
The circular temple of Vesta was constructed in the fourth century BCE. This small temple is one of Rome's most significant temples as it was dedicated to the protectress of both the family and State, Vesta. An event to see when coming to the Forum is definitely when the Vestal Virgins are guarding the sacred eternal flame, symbol of the eternal life of Rome, in the Temple of Vesta.
House of the Vestal Virgins
Adjacent to the Temple of Vesta is the House of the Vestal Virgins. Although very secretive and mysterious, the house accommodates the Vestal Virgins who, as soon as they are chosen at the age of six, would move here for a safer quality of life. This humongous house is comprised of three floors with fifty rooms for the six girls presiding and for their servants! Come visit this majestic house to see the galleries which surround the courtyard as you might catch a glimpse of a Vestal Virgin!
Temple of Venus and Rome
The largest religious structure in Rome is the Temple of Venus and Rome which was built at the end of the Forum Romanum, close to the Colosseum. The temple was designed by His Imperial Majesty, Emperor Hadrian, in 135 CE and measures an impressive 100 meters by 145 meters. The temple is dedicated to Roma, which is the epitome of this wondrous city and Venus, grandmother of the founders of Rome, the great Remus and Romulus. The building contains two sanctuaries with statues of the goddesses, each located at one side of the temple opposite each other and each guarding the greatness of Rome.
Baths of Caracalla
Enjoy a dip in water or a thorough swim? The Baths of Caracalla or Thermae Antoninianae are just the place for you! These baths opened in 217 CE, during the reign and under the order of His Imperial Majesty, Emperor Caracalla. It stands as the largest bath complex in the world!
The more than fifty public baths in Rome play an undeniable important role in Roman society, but the Baths of Caracalla serve a much more profound role. The baths are a significant venue for Rome's crowded tenements during the hot summer months and serve just as well in winter with the heated pools. These baths have improved the cleanliness and health of Roman citizens and they can do the same for you after a long day of touring! Despite bathing being the common activity, socializing, gossiping and relaxing are just as important to the baths' respected name.
Delve into the ritual of bathing by starting with a hot bath in the calidarium, then dipping into the lukewarm tepidarium, followed by the cold frigidarium and lastly stopping by for a swim in the natatio, an open air swimming pool. By the end you'll be as clean as silver! The baths ensure a clean and constant flow of water with a complex water distribution system from the Aqua Marcia aqueduct. The Caracalla complex is mainly known for its rich, decadent interior featuring marble seats, mosaic covered walls and floors as well as fountains and resplendent statues. The Baths of Caracalla are also much more than a mere bathing house; they are a multifunctional leisure center as they house gymnasiums, libraries, gardens, art galleries, and restaurants! Talk about a place where everything is right at your finger tips!
The more than fifty public baths in Rome play an undeniable important role in Roman society, but the Baths of Caracalla serve a much more profound role. The baths are a significant venue for Rome's crowded tenements during the hot summer months and serve just as well in winter with the heated pools. These baths have improved the cleanliness and health of Roman citizens and they can do the same for you after a long day of touring! Despite bathing being the common activity, socializing, gossiping and relaxing are just as important to the baths' respected name.
Delve into the ritual of bathing by starting with a hot bath in the calidarium, then dipping into the lukewarm tepidarium, followed by the cold frigidarium and lastly stopping by for a swim in the natatio, an open air swimming pool. By the end you'll be as clean as silver! The baths ensure a clean and constant flow of water with a complex water distribution system from the Aqua Marcia aqueduct. The Caracalla complex is mainly known for its rich, decadent interior featuring marble seats, mosaic covered walls and floors as well as fountains and resplendent statues. The Baths of Caracalla are also much more than a mere bathing house; they are a multifunctional leisure center as they house gymnasiums, libraries, gardens, art galleries, and restaurants! Talk about a place where everything is right at your finger tips!
Theatre of Pompey
Come down and marvel at Rome's first stone theater, the great Theater of Pompey. This theatre was constructed while Julius Caesar was etching his name in Gaul in 55 BCE under the ruler Pompey's orders. The towering round contours of the theater are visible from any street and at its center, stands a temple to Venus Victrix, flanked by several other glorious shrines.
“Theater” can only describe part of Pompey's various structure. An expansive portico now covers part of the Pompey complex which serves a largely practical function during a rain-delay for the theater. You can stroll amidst the greenery, fine stone, and art works while relaxing and waiting for the entertainment to resume or begin. The actors are always men as there are no female actresses. This can be ascribed to the fact that an actor might have to play several parts, and the costumes for males are easier to get on and off. The mood of actor is always portrayed to the audience in order to help them understand what was going happening. You can will the actors often holding up happy or sad faces. There are also shows available where the plays are without words. Such Roman actors have stringently developed the art of pantomime or the skill of acting without words. They also dance, play music, make elaborate gestures, have extravagant sets, and wear beautiful costumes to get across the meaning of the play.
You find that these Roman plays are generally performed on festival days, together with gladiatorial contests, circuses, and races. The Theatre of Pompey is profoundly more elaborate than any Greek theatre as it is a freestanding built with a complex arrangement of curtains and scenery. Performances are even available in private for extra special occasions so don't forget to book!
“Theater” can only describe part of Pompey's various structure. An expansive portico now covers part of the Pompey complex which serves a largely practical function during a rain-delay for the theater. You can stroll amidst the greenery, fine stone, and art works while relaxing and waiting for the entertainment to resume or begin. The actors are always men as there are no female actresses. This can be ascribed to the fact that an actor might have to play several parts, and the costumes for males are easier to get on and off. The mood of actor is always portrayed to the audience in order to help them understand what was going happening. You can will the actors often holding up happy or sad faces. There are also shows available where the plays are without words. Such Roman actors have stringently developed the art of pantomime or the skill of acting without words. They also dance, play music, make elaborate gestures, have extravagant sets, and wear beautiful costumes to get across the meaning of the play.
You find that these Roman plays are generally performed on festival days, together with gladiatorial contests, circuses, and races. The Theatre of Pompey is profoundly more elaborate than any Greek theatre as it is a freestanding built with a complex arrangement of curtains and scenery. Performances are even available in private for extra special occasions so don't forget to book!
Pantheon
The Pantheon derives its name from its original function as a temple for all the gods. It is comprised from thick brick walls and large marble columns, that are sure to make an immediate impression on any visitor. The most spectacularly remarkable aspect of the building, however, is the 43.3 metre high dome which also equals its diameter. The oculus is a large opening at the top of the dome which is the only source of light but is perfect for igniting the golden details of the Pantheon's interior. The front portico has three rows of columns and a colossal bronze door providing access to the cylindrical building.
The Pantheon's intricate marble floors feature geometrical designs and patterns and have not been changed, they are truly breath-taking! The structure was initially built in a T-shaped design from 27-25 BCE by general Marcus Agrippa, who was the son-in-law of the great Emperor Augustus. Although the temple is dedicated to all of the pagan gods, it mainly honor the mights gods Mars and Venus. In 118 CE, Emperor Hadrian ordered for the Pantheon to be rebuilt again but in circular design. It was completed seven years later, in 125 CE with new and marvelous columns added to the building. The portico's sixteen gigantic, sixty ton columns were extracted from Egypt! That's right, Egypt! And were transported all the way here by ship. Each column, with a diameter of 1.5 meters, supports the pediment harbouring the inscription which dedicates the Pantheon to Marcus Agrippa even though it was built by Hadrian. This pediment is decorated with sculpture of gilt bronze!
The Pantheon's intricate marble floors feature geometrical designs and patterns and have not been changed, they are truly breath-taking! The structure was initially built in a T-shaped design from 27-25 BCE by general Marcus Agrippa, who was the son-in-law of the great Emperor Augustus. Although the temple is dedicated to all of the pagan gods, it mainly honor the mights gods Mars and Venus. In 118 CE, Emperor Hadrian ordered for the Pantheon to be rebuilt again but in circular design. It was completed seven years later, in 125 CE with new and marvelous columns added to the building. The portico's sixteen gigantic, sixty ton columns were extracted from Egypt! That's right, Egypt! And were transported all the way here by ship. Each column, with a diameter of 1.5 meters, supports the pediment harbouring the inscription which dedicates the Pantheon to Marcus Agrippa even though it was built by Hadrian. This pediment is decorated with sculpture of gilt bronze!
Trajan's Markets
Fancy hauling fabulous commodities while taking a nice, relaxing stroll? Trajan's Markets is the perfect place to fulfill this popular desire. Trakan's Markets are referred to as the "shopping center" of Rome and are widely considered at the heart of Rome's economic prosperity. This multifunctional complex is located right next to the Forum of Trajan on Quirinal Hill and has been familiar with the hustle and bustle of Rome for two centuries! Trajan's Markets is comprised of an expansive aggregate of warehouses, shops and offices where locals and visitors from near and afar gather to purchase goods and even operate their own business.
The market was commissioned to be built 107 CE and was completed in 110 CE by, His Imperial Majesty, Emperor Trajan's favorite architect, Apollodorus of Damascus. Apollodorus ultimately built a semi-circular elevation barricaded by a row of columns with smaller exedras at both ends that held up half a dome to cover the structure. The upper levels of this splendid brick and concrete market are used for offices and adjacent to these offices is a large warehouse.
The lower levels, however, are where all the magic and activity happen. Here you can find merchants selling a variety of irresistible goods including wine, oil, fruits, vegetables, and spices. These shops are called 'tabernae' and appear to be like cubicles with small windows and a large opening to the street. In total you will find more than 150 tabernae to suit all of your needs and wants and they were often decorated with mosaics depending on what they sell. Further to this, you can enjoy the light and space created by the roof of the market which is an arched concrete vault sitting on piers this allowing sunlight and a nice, cool breeze to filter through the shops while still protecting all the shoppers from the weather.
The exotic goods you can buy here range from silks from China and the Far East, cotton and spices from India, Ivory and wild animals from Africa, vast amounts of mined metals from Spain and Britain, fossilized amber gems from Germany and slaves amassed from all over the world! Moreover, Rome imports only the finest good and produce including beef, corn, glassware, iron, lead, leather, and perfumes. The Roman lifestyle is built on luxury and lavishness and you could be a part of that!
If your looking for a break from the shopping hype, why not visit the 'Great Hall' in the lower part of the market which is 32 meters long and 8 meters high. This hall is used to entertain the masses with concerts, speeches or educational shows for those learning young ones! Click for more information for the times the market is open and the shops available!
The market was commissioned to be built 107 CE and was completed in 110 CE by, His Imperial Majesty, Emperor Trajan's favorite architect, Apollodorus of Damascus. Apollodorus ultimately built a semi-circular elevation barricaded by a row of columns with smaller exedras at both ends that held up half a dome to cover the structure. The upper levels of this splendid brick and concrete market are used for offices and adjacent to these offices is a large warehouse.
The lower levels, however, are where all the magic and activity happen. Here you can find merchants selling a variety of irresistible goods including wine, oil, fruits, vegetables, and spices. These shops are called 'tabernae' and appear to be like cubicles with small windows and a large opening to the street. In total you will find more than 150 tabernae to suit all of your needs and wants and they were often decorated with mosaics depending on what they sell. Further to this, you can enjoy the light and space created by the roof of the market which is an arched concrete vault sitting on piers this allowing sunlight and a nice, cool breeze to filter through the shops while still protecting all the shoppers from the weather.
The exotic goods you can buy here range from silks from China and the Far East, cotton and spices from India, Ivory and wild animals from Africa, vast amounts of mined metals from Spain and Britain, fossilized amber gems from Germany and slaves amassed from all over the world! Moreover, Rome imports only the finest good and produce including beef, corn, glassware, iron, lead, leather, and perfumes. The Roman lifestyle is built on luxury and lavishness and you could be a part of that!
If your looking for a break from the shopping hype, why not visit the 'Great Hall' in the lower part of the market which is 32 meters long and 8 meters high. This hall is used to entertain the masses with concerts, speeches or educational shows for those learning young ones! Click for more information for the times the market is open and the shops available!
Natural and Geographical Destinations
Tiber River
Standing as one of the longest rivers in all of the Roman Empire, there's wonder why you wouldn't the impressive Tiber River! The Tiber River measure at approximately about 402 km long and varies between 7 and 20 feet deep so a swim is never too out of reach. Flowing from the clean Apennine waters at Mount Fumaiolo through Rome, the River end the Tyrrhenian Sea at Ostia. The Tiber was originally called 'Albulula' due to the fact that it was so white and pristine, but later it was changed to Tiberis after Tiberinus, the king of Alba Longa who drowned in the river.
The Tiber is often said to be the natural highway for traffic in Rome which is indeed a well earned title as it provides the best trade routes to various parts of Rome and has instilled an early defense against neighbors on the other side of the river.
In light of this, the Veientine Wars were fought over control of the Tiber over the river itself! Most of the city of Rome is located on the eastern side of the Tiber River. A famous story told in Rome's day and age goes that the infants Romulus and Remus were actually abandoned on the waters of the Tiber River! They were then rescued by a she-wolf, and founded Rome 25 km from the sea in 753 BCE, the same year Panoroma launched!
The Tiber River is crisscrossed by bridges, particularly the breathtaking Ponte Sant'Angelo, a stone arch bridge built in 62 BCE. Another superb sight to see is the Milvian Bridge which was originally built in 206 BCE by Nero. This bridge has become the romantic site for lovers to affirm their love to each other and look out into the beautiful Roman sunset!
The Tiber is often said to be the natural highway for traffic in Rome which is indeed a well earned title as it provides the best trade routes to various parts of Rome and has instilled an early defense against neighbors on the other side of the river.
In light of this, the Veientine Wars were fought over control of the Tiber over the river itself! Most of the city of Rome is located on the eastern side of the Tiber River. A famous story told in Rome's day and age goes that the infants Romulus and Remus were actually abandoned on the waters of the Tiber River! They were then rescued by a she-wolf, and founded Rome 25 km from the sea in 753 BCE, the same year Panoroma launched!
The Tiber River is crisscrossed by bridges, particularly the breathtaking Ponte Sant'Angelo, a stone arch bridge built in 62 BCE. Another superb sight to see is the Milvian Bridge which was originally built in 206 BCE by Nero. This bridge has become the romantic site for lovers to affirm their love to each other and look out into the beautiful Roman sunset!
Mountain Ranges
Apennine Mountains
Despite the many beaches, islands and "bathing paradises" in the Mediterranean Sea, nothing compares to the astounding Apennine mountains of Rome. The Apennine Mountains is a mountain range stretching 1000 km from the north to the south of Rome along its east coast, therefore ranging the entire peninsula and constituting itself as the backbone of Rome. The Apennine peninsula forms a major part of Rome with the mountains being mostly lush green and wooded. Despite this type of climate, the Apennine's highest peak, Corno Grande is around 3000 m and partly a glacier! The eastern side of the mountain slopes down to the Adriatic Sea and is quite steep, whereas the western side slopes moderately to form a plain on which most of Rome's cities are positioned. To a great extent, the Apennines are clad with forests, especially pine, oak and beech woods. Imagine smelling the clean, fresh Apennine air! Furthermore, the Apennines harbor a significant amount of summer pastures, especially in the Abruzzi which produces highly praised cheese.
Volcanoes
Mount Vesuvius
Renowned as being one of the most visited active volcanoes in the world, Mount Vesuvius is by far one of the most famous in the entire Roman Empire. At about 28 thousand years old, its most noteworthy eruption impacted human history forever at Pompeii in 79 CE. It has been grumbling near Rome every since that fateful day. What was left was a city frozen in time. Captured in its beauty and resilience.
The eruption at Pompeii too place on August 24th of 79 CE, where our very own mastermind writer, Pliny the Younger, witnessed the horrible eruption that swept through Pompeii and recorded the apocalyptic description. This included flame, lightning, earthquakes, waves and death. But what came from such an event was a historic site that Rome shall never forget and forever be renowned for. About 3 metres of ash fell on Pompeii, and its neighboring city Herculaneum was buried under about 23 meters. Notes for anybody wishing to visit:
The eruption at Pompeii too place on August 24th of 79 CE, where our very own mastermind writer, Pliny the Younger, witnessed the horrible eruption that swept through Pompeii and recorded the apocalyptic description. This included flame, lightning, earthquakes, waves and death. But what came from such an event was a historic site that Rome shall never forget and forever be renowned for. About 3 metres of ash fell on Pompeii, and its neighboring city Herculaneum was buried under about 23 meters. Notes for anybody wishing to visit:
- The crater does tend to experience rising fumes
- Going there will make you sweat a lot
- There are different lava stones, changing colour as you walk uphill and around the crater.
- The view of the Bay of Naples and Pompeii is unbelievably beautiful in good weather.
Mount Etna
Mount Etna is an active volcano on the east coast of Sicily and comes from the Greek word aithō for 'I burn'. This is Sicily's most noteworthy natural attraction as it is also its highest mountain. To all the Greeks that are considering a visit, you probably recognise Mount Etna as being the realm of Vulcan, or the god of fire, and the home of the one-eyed monster known as the Cyclops. It stands at about 3350 meters, and is the highest active volcano ever known to man! The height of its summit is altered by each eruption with over 1200 square meters of Etna's surface being coated in hardened lava.
In the winter months, the option of snow-dwelling or 'skiing' as the younger generation call it is available at Etna offers skiing whereas stunning hikes in the woods become optional during the Summer. There are also a number of smaller peaks on the slopes of Etna, and some interesting caverns for exploration. Mount Etna's slopes are covered in a diverse range of plant species including oak stone pine, birch and beech. Broom plant and other shrubs dot the area, especially at lower altitudes. The most spectacular aspect of Etna, however, is the fact that the shedding trees change color in the Autumn, creating a breathtaking array of changing shades of colours! Majestic with its beauty!
You can even witness the amazing wildlife that inhabit the mountain including frogs, toads and turtles which live in the streams and small ponds of Etna's forests. There are also various species of snakes and Sicily's prevalent lizards. Other animals which consider Etna their home are foxes, squirrels, weasels, hare, hedgehogs, porcupine and a few wild cats. The birds overhead will stun you with their allure, including owls, falcons, partridges, the occasional golden eagle, herons, ducks and migratory birds. An important tip to remember is that it is always cooler on Etna than it is in the valleys or along the coast of Rome. Enjoy the scenery and the charm of this mountain, it is unforgettable!
In the winter months, the option of snow-dwelling or 'skiing' as the younger generation call it is available at Etna offers skiing whereas stunning hikes in the woods become optional during the Summer. There are also a number of smaller peaks on the slopes of Etna, and some interesting caverns for exploration. Mount Etna's slopes are covered in a diverse range of plant species including oak stone pine, birch and beech. Broom plant and other shrubs dot the area, especially at lower altitudes. The most spectacular aspect of Etna, however, is the fact that the shedding trees change color in the Autumn, creating a breathtaking array of changing shades of colours! Majestic with its beauty!
You can even witness the amazing wildlife that inhabit the mountain including frogs, toads and turtles which live in the streams and small ponds of Etna's forests. There are also various species of snakes and Sicily's prevalent lizards. Other animals which consider Etna their home are foxes, squirrels, weasels, hare, hedgehogs, porcupine and a few wild cats. The birds overhead will stun you with their allure, including owls, falcons, partridges, the occasional golden eagle, herons, ducks and migratory birds. An important tip to remember is that it is always cooler on Etna than it is in the valleys or along the coast of Rome. Enjoy the scenery and the charm of this mountain, it is unforgettable!
Lakes
Lake Bracciano
Lake Bracciano, also known as 'Lago di Bracciano' by the locals, is a lake in the Roman region of Lazio which is approximately 32 km northwest of Rome. The perimeter of the Lake is about 32 km with three towns bordering the lake including the renowned Bracciano, Anguillara Sabazia and Trevignano Romano. The lake is profoundly popular with rich Roman families as a weekend get-away place. It is particularly popular during the summer as it serves as a drinking water reservoir for Rome and a cool, fresh lake for leisure. This makes Bracciano one of the cleanest lakes of Italy. Swimming, sailing and dipping...you name it, you can do it!
There is a peaceful, ambient atmosphere surrounding the lake and its parks every season. It is recommended that you visit from late March to the end of October as the most forgiving weather ensues around these times. Lake Bracciano is a good base for visiting Rome in the hot summer because the weather is cooler here than it is in Rome and even on really hot days in the city, you can head to this lake for a cool swim!
There is a peaceful, ambient atmosphere surrounding the lake and its parks every season. It is recommended that you visit from late March to the end of October as the most forgiving weather ensues around these times. Lake Bracciano is a good base for visiting Rome in the hot summer because the weather is cooler here than it is in Rome and even on really hot days in the city, you can head to this lake for a cool swim!
Lake Albano
Lake Albano is a small volcanic crater lake in the Alban Hills of Lazio near Lake Bracciano, at the foot of Monte Cavo, 20 km southeast of Rome. The average depth is about 170 m, making Lake Albano the deepest in Lazio. The lake is 3.5 km long by 2.3 km wide, and overlaps with two volcanic craters. Just like Lake Bracciano, don't miss out on taking a dip in cool, fresh summer waters when the commute of the city becomes too congested.